Gin had first been introduced into the country by William III, and the landed classes soon became rich producing the grain from which it was distilled : and governments depended on taxing it. But by the end of the 1720s people started to recognise the social damage it was causing. Nothing like it had been seen before.

The best writers of the day took up the issue. Daniel Defoe wrote against “the abuse of that nauseous liquor among our lower sort” and argued that it was undermining England’s economic power. Henry Fielding called gin a ‘diabolical liquor’ and wanted it banned completely. Walpole’s government passed a series of Gin Acts, the most draconian being that of 1736.

The liquor trade went underground and Government informers roamed the streets. When serious riots broke out in Spitalfields in August 1736 Walpole explained them as the people’s desperation at “the approaching expiration of their darling vice.” But the government was forced to back down. Actors read extracts from Defoe and Fielding, from Walpole’s letters and from parliamentary debates